THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE PATTERN
Q. Why do we classify organisms? Or
What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Ans: There is wide range of species of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi in the world.
Classifying them helps us to understand millions of life forms easily.
It also helps us to predict the line of evolution.
Q. Which do you think is more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
a. The place they live
b. The kind of cells they are made of. Why?
Ans: The basic characteristic for classifying organisms is the kind of cells they are made of.
Organisms may be classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Organism may be classified as plant or animal based on presence or absence of cell wall.
Q. On what basis are plants and animals put into different caragories?
Ans: Plants and animals are put in different catagories because:
a. Plants have cell wall, animals do not have cell wall.
What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Ans: There is wide range of species of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi in the world.
Classifying them helps us to understand millions of life forms easily.
It also helps us to predict the line of evolution.
Q. Which do you think is more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
a. The place they live
b. The kind of cells they are made of. Why?
Ans: The basic characteristic for classifying organisms is the kind of cells they are made of.
Organisms may be classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Organism may be classified as plant or animal based on presence or absence of cell wall.
Q. On what basis are plants and animals put into different caragories?
Ans: Plants and animals are put in different catagories because:
a. Plants have cell wall, animals do not have cell wall.
b. Plants have chlorophyll, animals do not have chlorophyll.
c. Plants are stationary, animals are mobile.
Q. Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from so called advanced organisms?
Ans:The primitive organisms are unicellular, and prokaryotic.
They are different from advanced organisms.
Advanced organisms have complex body structure and are multicellular.
Q. Will advanced organisms be same as complex organisms? Why?
Ans: Advanced organisms have complex body structure and are multicellular.
The cells of advanced organisms show division of labour.
Q. What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom monera or Protista? OR
Ans: Advanced organisms have complex body structure and are multicellular.
The cells of advanced organisms show division of labour.
Q. What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom monera or Protista? OR
What is the distinctive feature of kingdom Monera and Protista.
Ans: Monera and Protista are unicellular.
They do not have well defined nucleus.
They lack membrane bound organelles.
They have cilia and flagella.
Q. In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic?
Ans: Single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic organisms are found in kingdom Protista.
Q. Which division among the plants has simplest organisms? Or
Ans: Single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic organisms are found in kingdom Protista.
Q. Which division among the plants has simplest organisms? Or
What are characteristics of division Thallophyta?
Ans: The division thallophyta has simplest organisms.
They do not have well differentiated body.
They are aquatic.
Q. How are Pteridophytes different from the Phanerogames?
Ans: The Pteridophytes have naked embryos.
They produce spores.
On the other hand, Phanerogames produce seeds.
Q. How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?
Ans:
Q. How do Poriferans differ from Coelentrate animals? Or
Write down the characters of Poriferans and Coelentrates?
Ans:
Poriferans:
1. They are marine, attached to rocks.
2. They have cellular level of organization.
3. They have canal system.
E.g Spongilla
Coelentrates:
1. They are marine.
2. They have tissue level of organisation.
3. They have body cavity.
E.g Hydra
Q. How do annelid animals differ from arthopods? OR
Sketch the characters of annelids and arthopods?
Ans:
Annelids:
1. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. They have true coelom.
3. They have many segments.
4. They have closed circulatory system.
E.g Earthworm
Arthopods:
1. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. They have few segments.
3. They have open circulatory system.
E.g Housefly.
Q. What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles? OR
Sketch the characteristics of Amphibians and Reptiles.
Ans:
Amphibians:
1. They live both on land and water
2. They do not scales.
3. They have mucus glands in skin.
4. They have lungs or gills.
5. They lay eggs in water.
E.g Frog
Reptiles:
1. They live mostly on land except crocodile.
2. They have scales.
3. They do not have mucus glands.
4. They have lungs only.
5. They lay eggs on land.
E.g Snakes.
Q. What are the differences between animals belonging to the aves group and those in mammalian group? OR
Write down the characteristics of Aves and Mammals.
Ans:
Aves:
1. They are warm blooded and lay eggs.
2. They have feathers, beak and wings
3. They are oviparous
E.g Hens, Crows
Mammals:
1. They are warm blooded and directly give birth to young ones.
2. They have hairs, sweat and oil glands.
3. They are viviparous
E.g Man, Cow.
Q. Explain the basis of grouping organisms into five kingdoms?
Ans: Five kingdom classification was given by R.H. Whittaker.
The basis of grouping organisms into five kingdoms are as follows;
1. Cell structure:
Based on cell structure, the organisms were grouped into Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Write down the characters of Poriferans and Coelentrates?
Ans:
Poriferans:
1. They are marine, attached to rocks.
2. They have cellular level of organization.
3. They have canal system.
E.g Spongilla
Coelentrates:
1. They are marine.
2. They have tissue level of organisation.
3. They have body cavity.
E.g Hydra
Q. How do annelid animals differ from arthopods? OR
Sketch the characters of annelids and arthopods?
Ans:
Annelids:
1. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. They have true coelom.
3. They have many segments.
4. They have closed circulatory system.
E.g Earthworm
Arthopods:
1. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. They have few segments.
3. They have open circulatory system.
E.g Housefly.
Q. What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles? OR
Sketch the characteristics of Amphibians and Reptiles.
Ans:
Amphibians:
1. They live both on land and water
2. They do not scales.
3. They have mucus glands in skin.
4. They have lungs or gills.
5. They lay eggs in water.
E.g Frog
Reptiles:
1. They live mostly on land except crocodile.
2. They have scales.
3. They do not have mucus glands.
4. They have lungs only.
5. They lay eggs on land.
E.g Snakes.
Q. What are the differences between animals belonging to the aves group and those in mammalian group? OR
Write down the characteristics of Aves and Mammals.
Ans:
Aves:
1. They are warm blooded and lay eggs.
2. They have feathers, beak and wings
3. They are oviparous
E.g Hens, Crows
Mammals:
1. They are warm blooded and directly give birth to young ones.
2. They have hairs, sweat and oil glands.
3. They are viviparous
E.g Man, Cow.
Q. Explain the basis of grouping organisms into five kingdoms?
Ans: Five kingdom classification was given by R.H. Whittaker.
The basis of grouping organisms into five kingdoms are as follows;
1. Cell structure:
Based on cell structure, the organisms were grouped into Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
The organisms were grouped into Unicellular and Multicellular.
The organisms were grouped into plants and animals.
2. Nutrition:
Based on mode of nutrition, the organisms were grouped into Autotrophs, heterotrophs and Saprotrophs.
Q. What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis of these divisions.
Ans: The major divisions of Plantae are:
1. Thallophyta :
They are called algae.
They do not have well differentiated body.
2. Bryophyta:
They are amphibians of plant kingdom.
They have stem and leaf like structure.
3. Pteridophyta:
They have vascular tissue.
They have roots, stem, leaves.
4. Gymnosperms:
They have naked seeds,
They are woody.
5. Angiosperms:
They are most advanced plants.
They form flowers and fruits.
They have cotyledons.
Basis of Division:
The Plants are divided into divisions based on body differentiation, presence of vascular tissue, presence and types of seeds.
Q. Explain how animals in vertebrata are calssified into further subgroups.
Ans: Vertebrates are the group of animals which have notochord.
They have following subgroups:
1. Pisces:
They live in water.
They have gills and streamlined body.
They have two chambered heart.
E.g Trout.
2. Amphibia:
They live both on land and water.
They have mucus glands.
They have three chambered heart.
E.g Frog
3. Reptilia:
They live mostly on land.
They have scales
They have three chambered heart.
E.g Snakes
4. Aves:
They are warmblooded
They have feathers
They have four chambered heart.
E.g Hen.
5. Mammals:
They are warm blooded.
They have hairs.
They are viviparous and produce milk.
They have four chambered heart.
E.g Cow.
Q. Explain how animals in vertebrata are calssified into further subgroups.
Ans: Vertebrates are the group of animals which have notochord.
They have following subgroups:
1. Pisces:
They live in water.
They have gills and streamlined body.
They have two chambered heart.
E.g Trout.
2. Amphibia:
They live both on land and water.
They have mucus glands.
They have three chambered heart.
E.g Frog
3. Reptilia:
They live mostly on land.
They have scales
They have three chambered heart.
E.g Snakes
4. Aves:
They are warmblooded
They have feathers
They have four chambered heart.
E.g Hen.
5. Mammals:
They are warm blooded.
They have hairs.
They are viviparous and produce milk.
They have four chambered heart.
E.g Cow.
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