THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE PATTERN
Exercises
Tick the most suitable answer in questions 1 and 2:
1. In addition to the rocks particles, the soil contains:
1. In addition to the rocks particles, the soil contains:
I. Air and water II. Water and plants
III. Minerals, organic matter, air and water
IV. Water,air and plants
Ans: III. Minerals, organic matter, air and water
2. The water holding capacity is highest in
Ans: III. Minerals, organic matter, air and water
2. The water holding capacity is highest in
(i) Sandy soil (ii) Loamy soil
(iii) Clayey soil (iv) Mixture of sand and loam
Ans: (iii) Clayey soil
3. The process of soil formation is called:
i. Conservation ii. Weathering
iii. Erosion iv. Pedogenesis
Ans: iv. Pedogenesis
4. Soil profile consist of
i. Two layers ii. Four layers
iii. Threelayers iv. Fivelayers
Ans: ii. Four layers
5. Humus is present in
(i) A-Horizon (ii) B-horizon
(iii) C-Horizon (iv) Bedrock
Ans: (i) A-Horizon
6. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II
Ans:
i. A home for living organisms :: b. All kinds of soil
ii. Upper layer of soil :: c. Dark in colour
iii. Sandy soil :: a. Large particles
iv. Middle layer of soil :: e. Less amount of humus
v. Clayey soil :: Small particles and tightly packed
7. Explain how soil is formed.
Ans: The soil is formed by the weathering of rocks by the action of wind, water, climate and plant roots.
This process is soil formation is called Pedogenesis.
8. How is clayey soil useful for crops?
Ans: Clayey soil is useful for crops because it has good water holding capacity.
This soil is also fertile and rich in humus.
9. List the differences between clayey soil and sandy soil.
Ans: The difference between Clayey soil and Sandy soil is given below:
10. Sketch the cross section of soil and label the various layers.
Ans:
11. Razia conducted an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation.
She observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soil sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.
Sol:
Volume of water, Razia used = 200 ml
Time taken by water to percolate = 40 min
=> Percolation rate = Volume of Water
Time taken
= 200/40
= 5 ml/min
12. Explain how soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented.
Ans: Soil pollution means means addition of unwanted substances in the soil. It can be prevented by following ways:
1. Banning of polythene and plastic items and their removal from soils.
2. Treatment of wastes and chemicals before releasing into soil.
3. Less use of fertilizers and pesticides.
4. Limiting the construction activities.
Soil erosion means top fertile layer of soil. It can be prevented by following ways:
1. Prevention of deforestation.
2. Planting more trees on barren lands.
3. Use terrace farming in hilly areas.
4. Making shelterbeds around the fields.
13. Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:
Across
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organisms in the soil.
Down
1.In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
She observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soil sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.
Sol:
Volume of water, Razia used = 200 ml
Time taken by water to percolate = 40 min
=> Percolation rate = Volume of Water
Time taken
= 200/40
= 5 ml/min
12. Explain how soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented.
Ans: Soil pollution means means addition of unwanted substances in the soil. It can be prevented by following ways:
1. Banning of polythene and plastic items and their removal from soils.
2. Treatment of wastes and chemicals before releasing into soil.
3. Less use of fertilizers and pesticides.
4. Limiting the construction activities.
Soil erosion means top fertile layer of soil. It can be prevented by following ways:
1. Prevention of deforestation.
2. Planting more trees on barren lands.
3. Use terrace farming in hilly areas.
4. Making shelterbeds around the fields.
13. Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:
Across
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organisms in the soil.
Down
1.In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
4. This type of soil can hold very little water.
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Ans:
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Ans:
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