THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE PATTERN
Exercises
I. Multiple Choice Questions-Tick mark the correct choice.
1. In plants, materials are transported through
1. In plants, materials are transported through
(a) xylem (b) xylem and phloem
(c) phloem (d) root hair
(c) phloem (d) root hair
Ans: (b) xylem and phloem
2. Food is transported in the plants through
(a) xylem (b) root hair
(c) phloem (d) diffusion
Ans: (c) phloem
3. Water absorption is more because
(a) of xylem (b) of more transpiration
(c) of phloem (d) more water is required by the plant body
Ans: (b) of more transpiration
4. Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plant
(a) in bright light (b) in dim light
(c) in the shade (d) covered with a polythene bag
Ans: (a) in bright light
5. The colour of blood is red due to the presence of
(a) chlorophyll (b) anthocyanin
(c) haemoglobin (d) red blood cells
Ans: (c) haemoglobin
6 In an adult, normal rate of heart beat is :
(a) 72 times per minute (b) 92 times per minute
(c) 82 times per minute (d) 62 times per minute
Ans: (a) 72 times per minute
7. Blood cells which protect the body from infection are
(a) RBCs (b) Platelets
(c) WBCs (d) Haemoglobin
Ans: (c) WBCs
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. In most animals, circulation is brought about by a liquid called Blood.
2. Blood moves through tubes called Blood vessels.
3. Two useful things that are circulated in all animals are Oxygen and Food.
4. The liquid part of blood is called Plasma.
5. The substance in red blood cells that links up with oxygen is called Haemoglobin.
6. The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of Haemoglobin.
7. Excretion of wastes in unicellular organisms takes place by Diffusion.
8. Getting rid of waste materials in living beings is called Excretion .
9. Most liquid wastes are excreted through the Kidneys.
10. Skin helps in the excretion of water and Salts.
11. In man, carbon dioxide is excreted through Lungs.
12. Kidneys are made up of a number of filters called Nephrons.
13. Kidneys are connected to the urinary bladder by long tubes called Ureter.
14. Artificial kidney machines work on the principle of Dialysis.
III. Match the Column A with those in Column B:
Ans: (c) WBCs
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. In most animals, circulation is brought about by a liquid called Blood.
2. Blood moves through tubes called Blood vessels.
3. Two useful things that are circulated in all animals are Oxygen and Food.
4. The liquid part of blood is called Plasma.
5. The substance in red blood cells that links up with oxygen is called Haemoglobin.
6. The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of Haemoglobin.
7. Excretion of wastes in unicellular organisms takes place by Diffusion.
8. Getting rid of waste materials in living beings is called Excretion .
9. Most liquid wastes are excreted through the Kidneys.
10. Skin helps in the excretion of water and Salts.
11. In man, carbon dioxide is excreted through Lungs.
12. Kidneys are made up of a number of filters called Nephrons.
13. Kidneys are connected to the urinary bladder by long tubes called Ureter.
14. Artificial kidney machines work on the principle of Dialysis.
III. Match the Column A with those in Column B:
Ans:
1. Heart : a. A living pump
2. Food and oxygen : d. Materials needed by every living thing
3. Waste products : b. Can poison an organism.
4. Carrier of oxygen : f. Red blood cells
5. Circulation : c. Movement of materials
6 Arteries and Veins : e. Pipes for transport in man
IV. Write true or false in front of the statements given below:
1. In spirogyra, transport of materials takes place through osmosis False
2.Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues True
3. Girdling experiment demonstrates food synthesis in plants False
4. Platelets help in clotting of blood True
5. In Hydra, excretion takes place through diffusion True
IV. Answer the following questions:
1. How does transport of materials take place in unicellular plants?
Ans: The transport of materials in unicellular plants takes place by the process of diffusion.
2. Define diffusion.
Ans: Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration until they are spread out evenly.
3. What are two aspects of transport in higher plants?
Ans: The two aspects of transport in higher plants are:
I. Transport of water and minerals through xylem,
II. Transport of food through phloem.
4. Mention the functions of (a) Xylem and (b) Phloem.
Ans:
A. Xylem: Xylem helpls in upward movement of water and minerals in the plants.
B. Phloem: Phloem helps in transport of food from leaves to other parts of plant.
5. Name the process by which water loss takes place in plants.
Ans: The process by which water loss takes place in plants is called transpiration.
Transpiration occurs via stomata present in leaves.
6. Define the following:
(i) Circulatory system (ii) Arteries (iii)Veins
I. Circulatory system: Circulatory system is the transport system in animals which helps in movement of substances through out the body.
It has three parts i.e. Heart, Blood and Blood vessels.
II. Arteries: Arteries are the blood vessels that take blood away from the heart to other body parts.
They carry oxygenated blood and lie deep in the tissue.
III. Veins: Veins are the blood vessels that bring back blood from body parts to the heart.
They carry deoxygenated blood and lie close to surface.
7. Name the main parts of the circulatory system.
Ans: The main parts of the circulatory system are:
1. Heart
2. Blood
3. Blood vessels
8. Mention the functions of blood.
Ans: The functionsbof blood are as follows:
1. Blood transports food and oxygen to body parts.
2. It carries away waste products from organs.
3. It protects the body against infection.
4. It helps in clotting.
5. It helps to regulate body temperature.
9. Describe the functions of the following:
(i)Heart (ii)Blood vessels
(iii )Red blood cells (iv) White blood cells
(v) Platelets
Ans:
I. Heart: Heart consists of four chambers. Its main function is to pump the blood through out the body.
Heart pumps more than 16000 litres of blood in 24 hours.
II. Blood vessels: Blood vessels are mainly of two types i.e; Arteries and veins.
They carry oxygenated blood and food to the body and bring deoxygenated blood and wastes back to the heart.
III. Red blood cells: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin.
They transport oxygen to all body parts.
IV. White blood cells: White blood cells are of many types.
They help body to fight against infection.
V. Platelets: Platelets help in clotting of blood in case of an injury.
10. Describe, in brief, the circulatory system in human beings.
Ans: The circulatory system of human beings consist of heart, blood and blood vessels.
The heart acts as a pump and has four chambers i.e; Right Auricle, Left Auricle, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle.
Step 1: The deoxygenated blood enters right Auricle through vena cava and then moves to right ventricle.
Step 2: It then moves into lungs via Pulmonary artery, where it gets oxygenated.
Step 3: The oxygenated blood enters left auricle via Pulmonary vein and then moves to left ventricle.
Step 4: It then moves back to body parts through aorta.
11. Name the organ from which oxygenated blood goes into the heart.
Ans: The oxygenated blood goes back to the heart from lungs.
12. Define excretion.
Ans: Excretion is the process of removal of waste products from the body.
In humans, excretion occurs through kidneys, lungs, Liver, Skin etc.
13. How does excretion occur in lower animals?
Ans: In lower animals, excretion occurs mainly by the process of diffusion.
14 Why is the process of excretion important for living beings?
Ans: Excretion is the process of removal of waste products from the body.
The process of excretion is important for living organisms because the waste products will harm our body if not removed.
15. Name the various organs of excretion in humans.
Ans: Humans have various organs of excretion which include:
Lungs, Skin, Large Intestines, Kidneys, Liver.
16. What waste products are removed by the following parts?
(a) Skin (b) Kidneys (c) Lungs (d) Large intestine
Ans:
A. Skin: Skin helps in removal of salts, excess water via sweat glands.
B. Kidneys: Kidneys help in removal of water, Urea, Uric acid etc.
C. Lungs: Lungs help in removal of Carbon dioxide, water vapours.
D. Large Intestines: Large Intestines help in removal of solid, undigested wastes.
17. Name the organs of excretion in earthworms, insects and vertebrates.
Ans: Excretory organs of earthworms, insects, vertebrates are given below:
Earthworms: Nephridia
Insects: Malpighian tubules
Vertebrates: Kidneys.
18. Define sweating.
Ans: Sweating is the production of watery fluid from the sweat glands in the skin.
It helps in removal of salts and excess water.
19. What is the importance of sweating?
Ans: Sweating is the production of watery fluid from the sweat glands in the skin.
Importance:
It helps in removal of salts.
It helps in removal of excess water.
It produces cooling effect.
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