THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE PATTERN
Exercises
Q. Define the cell?
Ans: The cell is defined as fundamental, structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells.
Q. Who discovered the Cell?
Ans: The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke.
Q. Define the cell?
Ans: The cell is defined as fundamental, structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells.
Q. Who discovered the Cell?
Ans: The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke.
Q. Give three examples of Unicellular organisms?
Ans: Unicellular organisms are made of single cell e.g Amoeba, Mycoplasma, E. Coli etc.
Q. Why cells could not be observed before 17th century?
Ans: Cells could not be observed before 17th century because microscope had not been invented yet to view them.
Q. Why cork could not be observed as such by Hook?
Ans: Robert hook had primitive and crude microscope. Cork is hard and opaque part of cell, thus could not be observed as such by hook.
Q. Where did hook demonstrate his observations on cork slice?
Ans: Robert hook demonstrated his observations on cork slice at Royal society of London, England.
Q. Name the outermost layer of an animal cell?
Ans: The cell membrane is the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Q. Name the layer which is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cell?
Ans: The cell wall is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cell.
Q. Where are chromosomes present in the cell?
Ans: The chromosomes are present in the Nucleus of the cell.
Q. Name the cell part that has tiny holes?
Ans: The Cell membrane, Nuclear membrane have tiny holes.
Q. Name the cell organelles which are present in the plant cell?
Ans: The organelles found only in plant cells are chloroplast, cell wall, large vacuoles etc.
Q. Name the cells having branched Structure?
Ans: Nerve cells (Neurons) have branched structure.
Q. Which cell can be observed with an unaided eye?
Ans: Eggs of all birds, some nerve cells can be observed with an unaided eye.
Q. Mention the functions of following;
a. Cell membrane b. Chromosomes
Ans:
a. Cell membrane: The cell membrane is outer covering of the cell.
It protects the cell from outer environment.
It helps in transport of substances in and out of the cell.
b. Chromosomes: The chromosomes are inside the nucleus of the cell.
They carry genetic material of the cell.
They help in conducting life processes.
They help in transmission of characters from one generation to another.
Q. Why are following important to plant cell?
I. Cell wall II. Chloroplast III. Mitochondria IV. Nucleus
Ans:
I. Cell Wall: It is external hard covering of plant cell. It protects plant cells and provides strength.
II. Chloroplast: It contains chlorophyll and help plants to prepare their own food via photosynthesis.
III. Mitochondria: It is powerhouse of cell and provides energy to cell in form of ATP.
IV. Nucleus: It carries genetic material of the cell and help in conducting life processes.
Q. Draw an outline diagram of animal cell. Label the different parts?
Ans:
Q. Mention three differences between Plant cell and animal cell?
Ans: Plant cell have cell wall where as Animal cells do not have cell wall.
Plant cells have chloroplast where as Animal cells do not have chloroplast
Plant cells have large vacoules where as Animal cells have small or no vacoules.
Q. What features are possessed both by plant cell and animal cell?
Ans: Both cells have cell memberane.
Both cells have nucleus.
Cell organelles are present in both cells.
Q. Why are nerve cells long? Why do these cells have projections?
Ans: Nerve cells form the nervous system of body. They are long and have projection because they are attached to each other and need to transmit information from body parts to brain and vice versa.
Q. Why are mitochondria known as powerhouse of cell?
Ans: Mitochondria are called power House of the cells because they carry out the process of cellular respiration and provide energy to cell in form of ATP.
Q. Which four basic elements constitute 90% of protoplasm?
Ans: The four elements which constitute 90% of protoplasm are Carbon C, Hydrogen H, Oxygen O and Nitrogen N
Q. Write in brief about the variation in size and shape of the cell?
Ans: The different cells vary in size and shape depending upon the function they perform.
Examples:
In our body Nerve cell is large and branched and RBCs are small and round.
Ostrich egg is largest cell where as mycoplasma is smallest cell.
Q. Name the different cell organelles and the function of these organelles?
Ans: The different cell organelles and their functions are:
1. Cell Wall: It is external hard covering of plant cell. It protects plant cells and provides strength.
2. Cell membrane: The cell membrane is outer covering of the cell.
It protects the cell from outer environment.
It helps in transport of substances in and out of the cell.
3. Nucleus: It carries genetic material of the cell and help in conducting life processes.
4. Mitochondria: It is powerhouse of cell and provides energy to cell in form of ATP.
5. Chloroplasts: It contains chlorophyll and helps plants to make own food.
6. Endoplasmic reticulum: It helps to make proteins and lipids.
7. Golgi complex: It collects and distributes the substances inside and out of cell.
8. Lysosomes: It breaks down various materials inside the cell.
Q. What is meant by protoplasm? How does it differ from cytoplasm?
Ans: Protoplasm constitutes of cell membrane, Cytoplasm and nucleus.
Cutoplasm is part of protoplasm and contains Jelly like substance in which cell organelles exist.
Q. Fill in the blanks
i. The Lysosome is called sucidal bag of cell.
ii. The term cell was given by Robert Hook
iii. The instrument used to see tiny objects is called Microscope
iv. Smallest cell is that of Mycoplasma
v. An Ostrich egg is a cell that can be seen without microscope.
vi. The Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and Nucleus are parts of a cell.
vii. Energy is produced in Mitochondria
viii. Cell wall is present in Plant cells.
Q. Write true or false infront of statement given below:
i. Most of the cell is the nucleus. [FALSE]
ii. Only the nucleus of cell represents the protoplasm [FALSE]
iii. Most cells are microscopic. [TRUE]
iv. All living organisms are made of cells. [TRUE]
v. Every cell has cytoplasm. [TRUE]
vi. All cells in the multicellular organism can live independently [FALSE]
vii. The outermost covering of animal cell is called cell wall [FALSE]
Q. Match the statement in column A with that in Column B
Ans:
1. Cell : C. Unit of living body
2. Nucleus: D. Boss of the cell
3.Cell wall: A.Outermost covering of Plant
Cell
4. Chloroplast: E. Photosynthetic units.
5. Cytoplasm: F. Jelly like substance between
Cell membrane and nucleus.
6. Organelles: B. Tiny structures inside cell
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Plantation drive being conducted at high school Amad.
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