Why Do We Fall Ill, Class 9th Notes

THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE  PATTERN

Q. Define Diseases? What is acute and chronic diseases? 

Ans: When the shape or functioning of the cells, tissues or organs in the body changes. It is called as diseases.

Acute Diseases: Those diseases that last for short period of time are acute diseases.

 They do not affect the whole body. E.g. common cold. 

Chronic Diseases: Those diseases that take long time to recover or are life long are chronic diseases.

 They affect whole body. E.g. TB, Diabetes. 

Q. What are infectious diseases and infectious agents? Name few infectious diseases. 

Ans: The disease that are caused by microbes such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, virus are called infectious diseases. 

The organisms that cause infectious diseases are known as infectious agents. 

These diseases spread from one person to another. E.g 

Bacterial diseases: Typhoid, Tuberculosis etc.

Viral diseases: Influenza, AIDS, Covid etc.

Protozoan diseases: Malaria, elephantiasis. 

Q. What are the ways in which infectious diseases spread? 

Ans: Infectious diseases spread by various ways, i.e.

I.  Air: Some infectious diseases spread through air by sneeze, cough e.g. influenza, Pneumonia, TB 

II. Water: Some infectious diseases spread by drinking contaminated water e.g. Cholera 

III. Sexual Act: Some infectious diseases spread by sexual act e.g. AIDS 

IV. Zoonosis: Some infectious diseases spread from animals to humans e.g. Malaria

Q. What are the principles of treatment?

                                   Or

How should the treatment be done against the diseases? 

Ans: There are two ways to treat a patient 

I. Reduce the symptoms

II. Kill the cause 

I. Reduce the symptoms: This include intake of medicine to reduce symptoms. The person may have fever, headache, diarrhoea, pain. 

Patient is also asked to take bed rest to save energy. 

II. Kill the cause: This includes intake of medicines that kill the pathogen. Patient may be given antibiotics, antiviral medicine. 

Q. What is immunization? 

Ans: Immunization is a technique of development of immunity against  infectious agent by our body. It is also called vaccination.

When an infectious agent attacks our body after immunization, our immune cells recognize it and kill it. 

Immunization is done by infecting dead microbe or its part into our body. The immune cells identify this dead microbe and develop immunity against it. 

When a live microbe enters our body, it is recognized by our immune cells and is killed. 

We immunize our body against Covid, Tetanus, Polio etc.

Textual Questions

Q. State any two conditions essential for good health?

Ans: Two conditions essential for good health are personal hygiene and prevention.

Q. State any two conditions essential for being free of diseases?

Ans: Two conditions essential for being diseases free are personal hygiene and prevention.

 

Q. List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor? Why or why not?

Ans: The three reasons why I would think that I am sick and ought to see a doctor are:

i. When I have cough, running nose and sneezing.

ii. When I have fever and headache.

iii. When I feel pain in any body part.

If only one of the above symptoms is present, I will still go to doctor so that I could get necessary treatment on time.

 

Q. In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant?

a. If you get jaundice

b. if you get lice

c. if you get acne. Why?

Ans: In the above cases, Jaundice will have unpleasant long term effects on our health.

Jaundice results in fever, joint pain, itching and impairs the liver function as a long term effect.

Q. A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself/himself.

Ans: A doctor/nurse/heath worker takes many precautions to avoid getting sick. These include:

i. Cleaning the hospitals regularly

ii. Wearing gloves and masks

iii. Sterilizing the equipments.

 

 

Q. A baby is not able to tell caretakers that it is sick. What would tell us find out:

a. That the baby is sick

b. What is the sickness

Ans:

a. When baby cries continuously and has fever, loose motions, skin rash, cough etc. we would find out that the baby is sick.

 b. The sickness can be diagnosed based on the above symptoms. The baby can have respiratory diseases, indigestion, chickenpox, measles etc.

 

Q. Under which of the following conditions is the person most likely to fall sick?

a. When she is recovering from malaria

b. When she is recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone with Chicken pox

c. When she is on the four days fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken pox. Why?

Ans: A person is likely to fall sick both when she is recovering from malaria and taking care of someone with chickenpox as well as when she is on four days fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken pox.

Malaria is very lethal diseases and affects RBC’s, Spleen, lungs etc. It needs proper rest, nutrition and diseases free environment to recover from malaria.

 

Q. Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick?

a. When you are taking examinations

b. When you have travelled by bus and train for two days

c. When your friend is suffering from measles. Why?

 

Ans: We are most likely to fall ill when our friend is suffering from measles and we both are in contact.

Measles is very communicable diseases and spreads through air.

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