THESE NOTES ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO JKBOSE SYLLABI IN SIMPLIFIED AND CONCISE PATTERN
Worksheet 6.1
Ans: The various sources of food are cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, eggs etc.
Q. What are various sources of plant nutrients?
Ans: The various sources of plant nutrients are soil, manure, fertilizers etc.
Q. Differentiate between farmyard manure and green manure?
Ans: Farmyard manure is excreta of farm animals along with straw where as green manure include the remains of leguminous crops such as beans, peas etc.
Q. What are the advantages of sea manure?
Ans: The sea manure is very rich in nutrients that the plant needs. It also makes soil porous.
Q. Name two fertilizers supplying Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potash?
Ans: The two fertilizers supplying Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potash are NPK and DAP.
Q. Name any two irrigation systems in India?
Ans: The irrigation systems used in India are Canals, Wells, Tubewells, ponds etc.
Q. What are weeds? How do they affect crops?
Ans: Weeds are unwanted plants that grow in a crop field.
They compete for food and light with the crop plants.
Q. Name any two insecticides?
Ans: Dimecron and Polythion are two insectcides.
Q. Name two harvest festivals?
Ans: The two harvest festivals in India are Baisakhi and Bihu.
Q. Name two main crops raised in India. Also mention their time of harvesting?
Ans: Two main crops raised in India are Rice and Wheat. Rice is harvested in September-october where as Wheat is harvested in March-April.
Q. Name a machine that is used for harvesting?
Ans: Harvesting is done by a machine called Harvester.
Q. Name the cereals grown in India?
Ans: The cereals grown in India include Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley, Jowar, Ragi etc.
Q. Differentiate between Agriculture and Horticulture?
Ans: Agriculture is the science of growing all kinds of plants and animals useful to human whereas Horticulture is the science of growing fruits, vegetables and decorative plants.
Q. Why is soil ploughed?
Ans: The soil is ploughed so that the roots of young plants can penetrate it easily.
Q. Name the methods of sowing?
Ans: There are many methods of sowing such as broadcasting, using seed drills etc.
Q. Why do farmers raise seedlings in Nursery?
Ans: Farmers raise seedlings in nursery so that they are not damaged. This also ensures better shoot and root development later on.
Worksheet 6.2
Ans: Plant breeding is the technique of producing hybrids between two two varieties of a plant.
It leads to the production of better quality plants.
Q. How is plant breeding performed?
Ans: During plant breeding, the pollen from one plant is taken and dusted on the carpel of another plant.
The seeds thus produced give rise to new good quality plants.
Q. What is crop rotation? What are its advantages?
Ans: The cultivation of two different crops one after another in a same field is called crop rotation. E.g. Wheat and groundnut.
Crop rotation helps to replenish nutrients in the soil.
Q. Name two leguminous crops?
Ans: Some of the leguminous crops are beans, peas, horse gram, Soyabeans etc.
Q. What are the advantages of mixed cropping?
Ans: Mixed cropping helps one plant to use the products and waste materials of another plant.
Q. Name two crops which are grown together?
Ans: The two crops that are grown together are Cotton and groundnut.
Q. Define field fallow?
Ans: Field fallow means leaving the land without cultivation for two to three seasons. This increases the fertility of the soil.
Q. Write the important features of a good storage structure?
Ans: The storage structure should be easy to clean and well protected from insects and rodents. It should be located at a convenient place.
Worksheet 6.3
Ans: All domesticated animals such as cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys etc. are collectively called livestock.
Q. Name any four poultry birds?
Ans: The four poultry birds are hens, ducks, turkey, geese etc.
Q. What is a broody hen?
Ans: The hen that lays eggs is called broody hen.
Q. Name any two breeds of (a) Cows and (b) Buffaloes
Ans: The two breeds of cows are red sindhi, Jersey etc.
The two breeds of buffaloes are Murrah, Jaffarabadi etc.
Q. Why is fishery flourishing in India on a large scale?
Ans: Fishery is flourishing in India on a large scale as fishes are good source of protein and produce fish oil which is used for many purposes such as medicine,
Q. Name any four fish?
Ans: Labeo, Trout, Carp, Tuna.
Q. Give any two uses of honey?
Ans: Honey has following uses:
i. It is used a medicine
ii. It is used as substitute of sugar.
Q. Give any two uses of wax?
Ans: Bee wax has following uses:
i. It is used in cosmetics
ii. It is used to make candles.
Q. Give any four points for care of animals?
Ans: i. Animals should be provided food and water on time.
ii. Their sheds should be cleaned regularly.
iii. Their regular check-ups should be done.
Iv They should be treated gently.
Exercises
Q. Name the following;
1. Five requirements essential for obtaining good crop production
Ans:
1. Right type of soil
2. Quality seeds
3. Adequate water
4. Protection from weeds
5. Protection from pests
2. Two types of fertilizers
Ans: Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous fertilizers.
1. Five requirements essential for obtaining good crop production
Ans:
1. Right type of soil
2. Quality seeds
3. Adequate water
4. Protection from weeds
5. Protection from pests
2. Two types of fertilizers
Ans: Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous fertilizers.
3. Some chemicals used to protect crops from insects, pests and weeds.
Ans: Dimecron protects crops from insects.
DDT protects crops from pests.
Semazine protects crops from weeds.
4. Some animal products.
Ans: Meat, Milk, Butter, Eggs, Wool, Honey are some animal products.
5. Members of colonies of bees.
Ans: A colony of bees include Queen, Drones and Worker bees.
Q. Fill in the blanks;
1. A ....... is used to remove weeds from the soil.
Ans: Weedicide
2. A ......... is used to trowel the soil by breaking lumps of soil after preliminary ploughing.
Ans: Crusher
3. Kharif crops are sown in the month of ......
Ans: June
4. .......... seeds are not sown directly into the soil
Ans: Paddy
5. Rabi crops are harvested in the month of .
.............
Ans: March
6. The practice of taking seedlings from the nursery to the main field is known as .........
.
Ans: Transplantation
7. Pearls are used in ............
Ans: Ornaments
8. Honey contains ........... water and .......... sugar with minerals
Ans: 17% , 78%
9. The hen houses are called ............
Ans: Pen
10. Murrah and jaffarabadi are well known breeds of ...............
Ans: Buffaloes
Q. What is process of turning andd loosining of soil called?
Ans: Ploughing.
Q. Which implement is used for tilling soil?
Ans: Plough, Tractor etc
Q. Which implement is used for breaking up large lumps of soil?
Ans: Clod crusher.
Q. What is the implement used for sowing called?
Ans: Broadcaster.
Q. What is the top part of the drill called?
Ans: Seed bowl
Q. What is an egg laying bird called?
Ans: Brood hen.
Q. Name the members of bee colony?
Ans: Queen, Drones and Workers.
Q. Which material is used to cover the floor of hen house?
Ans: Clay and straw.
Q. What is common food of poultry chicken?
Ans: Grains.
Q. Which bee is responsible for laying eggs?
Ans: Queen bee
Q. Grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits should be used in our daily life?
Ans: Grains, Vegetables and fruits form balanced diet and help in proper growth of body. Hence, should be used in our daily life.
Q. The soil should be loosened before seeds are sown?
Ans: This helps the roots to penetrate easily the soil.
This also helps in ventilation of roots.
Q. Seeds should be sown at proper depth in the soil?
Ans: This helps seeds to germinate well.
Q. Fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly before eating?
Ans: Fruits and vegetables have layer of pesticides, weedicides on them
Hence, they should be washed properly before eating.
Q. Grains are dried thoroughly before they are stored?
Ans: Grains should be dried properly before stored because wet grains support growth of bacteria and fungus and are spoiled easily.
Q. What are the requirements of farming which will lead to high yield of crops?
Ans: Following are some of Requirements which will lead to high yield of crops.
1. Right type of soil
2. Good Quality seeds
3. Adequate water
4. Protection from weeds
5. Protection from pests
Q. What is tilling? How is it done?
Ans: Tilling is the process of loosening and turning over the soil.
It is done before sowing of seeds.
It is done bu plough or tractors.
Q. Write a short note on process of sowing?
Ans: Sowing means putting the seeds into the land so that they grow into new plant.
Sowing is done by hand, broadcaster or seed drill.
Q. What are manures? Discuss their important types.
Ans: Manure is organic material readily available to farmer which provide nutrients and organic matter to plants.
Important types of manures are;
Farmyard manure
Green manure
Compost manure
Q. What is fertilizer? Explain its importance.
Ans: Fertilizers are inorganic substances used to supply essential elements to plants
Fertilizers may be nitrogen, pottasium or phosphorus based. E.g NPK, CAN, Urea, Super Phosphate.
Q. What is broadcasting and transplanting?
Ans: Broadcasting is a type of sowing technique. In it, the seeds are scattered by hand or broadcaster directly in the field.
In transplanting, the seeds are first sown in nursery. The small plantlets are then taken to main field.
Q. What is difference between manure and fertilizer?
Ans: Manures provide organic matter where as fertilizers provide inorganic matter to plants.
Manure is available to farmer in home, fertilizers are made in factories.
Q. Why are weeds harmful? What is used to remove them?
Ans: Weeds are unwanted plants that grow along side the crop. They are harmful because they compete with crops for food, water and sunlight.
They reduce they yield of crops.
Weeds are removed by hand or by weedicides such as simazine, 2,4 D.
Q. What are insecticides? Give examples?
Ans: Insecticides are chemicals that kill insects and their larve.
They are harmful for humans as well.
Insecticides include dimecron, malathion, polythion.
Q. How do insecticides protect crops?
Ans: Insecticides protect crops by killing insects and their larve. They do not affect crops.
Q. What are two main seasons in india for cultivating crops?
Ans: The two main seasons for cultivating crops in india are;
Rabi season: It starts from October till April.
Kharif season: It starts from June till september.
Q. Name some harvest festivals of India
Ans: Pongal, Baisakhi, Bihu are some harvest festivals of India.
Q. Name four factors responsible for improvement of crop?
Ans:
1. Right type of soil
2. Quality seeds
3. Adequate water
4. Protection from weeds
5. Storage
Q. Write a short note on process of harvesting?
Ans: Harvesting is the process of collecting the matured crop. Once the crop gets matured, it changes colour and is harvested.
Harvesting is done by hand or sickle, machines called combiners and harvesters.
Q. Why does a farmer rotate crops in a field?
Ans: The rotation of crops helps in making soil fertile by adding minerals to soil.
Leguminious plants are generally grown between two cereal crops.
Q. What do you understand by mixed cropping?
Ans: The method of growing two different crops togather in field is called mixed cropping.
Groundnut and Cotton are grown togather in mixed cropping.
Q. Why are fields sometimes allowed to remain fallow?
Ans: Fields are sometimes allowed to remain fallow to replenish the nutrients in the soil.
Q. List the importance of fish in our life?
Ans: Fish is an important source of nutrition. It also provides oils, fins, medicines etc.
Q. What is nutrient value of honey?
Ans: Honey contains water, sugars, minerals and enzymes. It has good nutritional and medicinal value.
Q. How are domesticated animals useful to us?
Ans: Domesticated animals are very useful to us in day to day lives.
Cows, goats, sheep provide us with milk, meat, leather and wool.
Horses are used for transport.
Chickens, ducks lay eggs and provide us meat.
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The writer teaches at H/S Amad.
International ozone day being celebrated at H/S Amad.
