Magnetic
Effect of Current |
First Discovered by Hans Christian Oestered |
Magnetic field near a Bar Magnet |
In form of Closed curved lines, Direction: North to South |
Magnetic field near a current carrying conductor |
In form of Concentric circles, Direction given by Right
hand thumb rule |
SNOW rule |
Used to know direction in which compass needle moves
when placed near a current carrying conductor |
Magnetic field near a Solenoid |
In form of closed curved lines, Direction: Noth to South
outside, and South to North inside a Solenoid. |
Electric Motor |
Converts electric energy into mechanical energy. |
Amperes experiment |
Helped to demonstrate that current carrying conductor
experiences force in a magnetic field |
Electric Generator |
Converts Mechanical energy into Electric energy |
Electromagnetic Induction |
Production of current in circuit due to change in
magnetic field. Discovered by Michael Faraday. |
Flemings Left
Hand Rule |
Helps to know direction of motion of a current conductor when placed in a magnetic field |
Flemings Right Hand Rule |
Helps to know direction of current induced in a conductor
when moved in a magnetic field |
Domestic Circuit |
Red Wire: +ve, Black Wire= -Ve, Green Wire= Earth |
Ans: The compass needle is a small magnet with one end acting as North pole and other as South pole.
When it is bought near a bar magnet, the needle gets deflected due to attraction or replusion.
Q. What is Magnetic Field? List three sources of Magnetic Field?
Ans: Magnetic field is the space around a magnetic material where it exerts its magnetic force.
The three sources of magnetic field are bar magnet,
solenoid, current carrying conductor.
Q. Draw magnetic field lines around bar magnet?
Ans: The magnetic field lines around a bar magnet are given below;
Ans: The direction of the magnetic field inside a bar magnet is from the south pole to the north pole.
Q. List the properties of magnetic lines of force.
Ans: Properties of Magnetic lines of force are:
(i) Magnetic lines of force start from the north pole and travel to the south pole outside the magnet.
(ii) They travel from South to North inside the magnet
(iii) They never intersect each other
(iv) Their magnitude decreases as we move away from the magnet.
Q. Why don't two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?
Ans: The two magnetic lines of force do not intersect each other because at the point of intersection the compass needle then must have to point towards two directions, which is not possible.
Q. What are conclusions of Oersted's experiment.
Ans: Hans Christian Oersted performed an experiment in 1820 which helped us to understand that the electricity and magnetism are related.
Oersted concluded that the current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it.
Q. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of table. Let the current pass through the loop clockwise. Apply the right hand rule to find out the direction of magnetic field inside and outside the loop.
Ans: In this case as the current is flowing clockwise, On the left side, inside the loop the direction of magnetic field lines are going into the table while outsidevthe loop, magnetic field lines are coming out of the table.
Ans: When the magnetic field in a given region is uniform, it is called uniform magnetic magnetic field.
The magnetic lines are equidistant and Parallel.
Q. State Fleming's left hand rule.
Ans: Flemings left hand rule states that if we stretch the thumb, fore finger and middle finger of our left hand in such a way that they are mutually perpendicular to each other like X, Y and Z axis of a graph.
The forefinger represents points towards magnetic field, the middle finger points towards direction of current, then thumb points towards direction of motion of the conductor.
Q. What is the principle of an electric motor?
Ans: The principle of electric motor is based on Fleming's left hand rule. When a current carrying coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field it experiences force which rotates the coil.
The electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Q. What is the role of split ring in an electric motor?
Ans: The split rings in a D.C motor reverses the direction of currect in the coil.
It is necessary to reverse the direction of direction of current to keep motor rotating in same direction.
Q. Explain the different ways to induce current in a coil?
Ans: The are many ways to induce current in a coil e.g;
1. By relative motion between the coil and a magnet i.e either moving a coil or magnet or both.
2. By changing the current in the neighbouring circuit.
Q. State the principle of an electric generator?
Ans: The Electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Q. Name some sources of direct current?
Ans: Some sources of direct current are: i. Cell ii. Battery iii. D.C. Generator
Q. Name sources producing alternating current?
Ans: Alternating current is produced by A.C generators like Hydro generators, wind turbines.
Q. Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances.
Ans: The safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances are Electric fuse, MCB, Earth wire etc.
Q. What precautions should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits?
Ans: Following precautions should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits:
1. Wires of appropriate power rating and good insulation should be used.
2. There should be seperate circuit for heating appliances.
3. Fuse or MCB should be installed.
Q. List three sources of magnetic fields.
Ans: The three sources of magnetic field are:
1. Magnet
2. Current carrying conductor
3. Current carrying solenoid
Q. How does a solenoid behave like a magnet? Can you determine the north and south poles of a current carrying solenoid with the help of bar magnet? Explain.
Draw a pattern of magnetic field lines around a
current carrying solenoid.
Ans: A solenoid is a coil with number of turns of insulated copper wire wound in the form of cylinder.
When current flows through a solenoid it behaves like a magnet with magnetic field lines similar to a bar magnet.
When the north end of a bar magnet is bought near one end of solenoid and gets attracts, that that is South pole of Solenoid. If it gets repelled that that is North pole of bar magnet.
Q. State the factors on which the strength of magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid depend.
Ans: A solenoid is a coil with number of turns of insulated copper wire wound in the form of cylinder.
Factors:
The strength of magnetic field depends on the current flowing through the solenoid
The strength of magnetic field depends on the number of turns of the solenoid
Q. What is Right hand thumb rule ?
Ans: Right hand thumb rule helps determine Magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor. If the thumb is placed in the direction of current, the fingers show the direction of magnetic field as shown in figure:
Q. What is Electromagnet? State two points of difference
between electromagnet and a permanent magnet
Ans: An electromagnet is a temporary magnet which acts as
a magnet as long as electricity passes through it e.g. Solenoid
Electromagnet |
Permanent magnet |
It is made of soft iron |
It is made of hard iron |
Its strength can be changed |
It has fixed strength |
It is temporary magnet |
It is permanent magnet |
E.g Solenoid |
E.g Bar magnet |
Q. When is the force experienced by current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field largest?
Ans: When the current carrying conductor is perpendicular to the magnetic field, it experiences the largest force.
Q. Imagine you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam moving horizontally from the back wall towards the front wall is deflected by a strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field.
Ans: The direction of magnetic field should be in downwards direction according to Fleming's left hand rule.
Q. Draw a labelled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working.
Ans:
Principle: When a current carrying conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field, it experiences force which rotates the coil.
Working: An electric motor contains an Electric coil ABCD, placed between two Poles of a magnet.
The ends of Coil ABCD are connected to split ring at P and Q, which inturn is connected to Brushes at X and Y.
When current flows in the circuit, it flows from A to B and C to D.
As per Fleming's left rule, the AB side of coil faces downward force and CD side of coil faces Upward force.
After a half rotation, the current is reversed in the coil and it moves from D to C and B to A because to Split ring.
This reversal in direction of current keeps the motor moving in same direction.
Q. Name some devices in which electric motors are used?
Ans: Electric motors are used in many devices such as Washing machines, Mixers, Fans, Computers, Vehicles etc.
Q. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if the bar magnet is
(i) Pushed into the coil
(ii) Withdrawn from inside the coil
(iii) Held stationary in the coil
Ans:
I. When bar magnet is pushed into the coil, there will be deflection in Galvanometer.
II. When bar magnet is withdrawn from the coil, there will be deflection in opposite direction.
III. When bar magnet is held stationary in the coil, there will be no deflection.
Q. Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in coil A is changed, Will some current be induced in Coil B? Give reasons.
Ans: If the current in coil A is changed, some current will be induced in Coil B due to electromagnetic Induction.
Q. State the rule to determine the direction of
I. Magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor.
II. Force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it.
III. Current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.
Ans:
I. Magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor is given by Right hand thumb rule.
II. Force experienced by by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it is given by Fleming's left hand rule.
III. Current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field is given by Fleming's right hand rule.
Q. Explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labeller diagram.
Ans:
Principle: Electric generator works on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction. In an electric generator, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.
Diagram:
Working:
Electric generator contains a rectangular coil ABCD placed between two poles of magnet. The coil is attached to two rings R1 and R2 which inturn are attached with brushes B1 and B2 respectively.
The rings are attached to an Axle which on rotation moves the coil along with it.
When Axle is rotated, the AB side of coil moves up and CD side moves down. Due to the motion, an Induced current is set in the coil. The current moves in ABCD direction.
After half rotation, CD moves up and AB moves down. The current moves in reverse direction DCBA direction based on Fleming's Right hand thumb rule.
Thus after every half rotation, the polarity of current changes. This is also called A.C generator.
In DC generator, Split ring is used instead of Rings.
Q. What is the function of brushes in electric generator?
Ans: The function of brushes in an electric generator is to transfer Electricity from Coil to outer circuit.
Q. When does an electric short circuit occur?
Ans: Electric short circuit occurs when the Live wire comes in contact with Neutral wire.
This can happen if the insulation around the wire gets removed.
Q. What is the function of earth wire? Why is it mecessary to earth metallic appliances?
Ans: Earth wire is a wire with low resistance that prevents live wire overloading and current leakage through the ground.
A metallic body of high power rating electrical equipment is earthed by Earth wire that protects us from electric shocks.
Q. The wires in a domestic circuit are coloured as Red, Green & Black? What does it indicate.
Ans: The Red coloured wire is Live wire,
The Green Colour wire is Earth Wire
The Black Colour wire is neutral
Mark the answers of below Questions as shown below;
A. Both Assertion and Reason is True and Reason correctly explains Assertion
B. Both Assertion and Reason is True and Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion
C. Assertion is True, Reason is False
D. Assertion is False, Reason is True
Q. Assertion(A): On changing the direction of flow of current through a straight conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around the conductor is reversed.
Reason (R) : The direction of magnetic field around a conductor can be known by left hand thumb rule.
Ans: C. Assertion is True, Reason is False
Q. Assertion (A) : Electromagnets are made of solenoid wound around soft iron core
Reason (R) : The strength of an electromagnet is increased by increasing the current flowing through the solenoid coil.
Ans: B. Both A and R are true, But R is not correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.
Reason : The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is depends on number of turns and current supplied
Ans: B. Both A and R are true, But R is not correct explanation of A
Q. What are electric field lines. Give their properties?
Ans: Electric field lines are lines or curves that show
electric field around the charges.
They are similar properties as magnetic field lines.
Properties:
Electric field lines start from the positive charge (+) and
end at Negative charge (-)
They never intersect each other
They do not pass through a conductor
A. Mass B. Speed C. Velocity D. Momentum
Ans: Velocity and momentum
A. South B. East
C. Downwards D. Upwards
Ans:
D. Upwards
Ans: When current carrying coil is placed in magnetic field, It feels torque which rotate the coil.
Ans: The split ring reverse direction of current after half cycle.
Ans: Cell, Battery, D.C Generator.
Ans: A.C generators.
A. Two revolutions B. One Revolution
C. Half Revolution D. One fourth revolution
Ans: Half Revolution.
a. Straight lines
b. Radial lines
c. Concentric circle centred on wire
Ans: c. Concentric circle centred on wire
Q. The phenomenon of electro magnetic induction is:
A. Process of charging a body
B. Process of generating magnetic field
C. Producing induced current in a coil
D. Process of rotating coil of motor
Ans: C. Producing induced current in a coil.
A. Generator B. Galvanometer
C. Ammeter D. Motor
Ans: a. Generator
A. D.C generator has higher voltage
B. A.C generator has higher voltage
C. AC generator has slip rings while DC generator has commutator
Ans: AC generator has slip rings while DC generator has commutator
A. Reduces B. No change C. Increases heavily D. Vary
Ans: C. Increases heavily
A. Galvanometer B. Transformer
C. X rays D. Voltmeter
Ans: B. Transformer
A. Electric field
B. Magnetic field
C. Both electric and magnetic field
Ans: C. Both electric and magnetic field
Q. When coil is kept stationary relative to magnetic, the galvanometer gives deflection:
A. Maximum B. Zero C. Constant
Ans: Zero
I. Amperes swimming rule
II. Fleming's right hand thumb rule
III. Fleming's left hand thumb rule
IV. Faradays rule
Ans: II. Fleming's right hand thumb rule.
Q. Magnitude of magnetic field around a current carrying conductor at any point is:
I. Directly proportional to intensity of electric current
II. Inversely proportional to the distance of conductor
III. Directly proportional to the distance of conductor
IV. Both A & B
Ans: Both A & B
Q. To find the direction of deflection of compass needle due to magnetic field of current carrying conductor, we use
I. Amperes swimming rule
II. Fleming's right hand thumb rule
III. Fleming's left hand thumb rule
IV. Faradays rule
Ans: I. Amperes swimming rule
Q. Current carrying conductor is a
I. Permenant magnet
II. Temporary magnet
III. Natural magnet
IV. None of these
Ans: II. Temporary magnet
Q. Which among the following produces strong magnetic field?
I. Permenant magnet
II. Natural magnet
III. Bar magnet
IV. Electromagnet
Ans: IV: Electromagnet
A. The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire
B. The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire
C.The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire
D.The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
Ans: D.The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
Q . The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is
A. the process of charging a body
B. the process of generating magnetic field due to a current passing through a coil
C. producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil
D. the process of rotating a coil of an electric motor
Ans: C. producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil
Q. The device used for producing electric current is called a
A. generator
B. galvanometer
C. ammeter
D. motor
Ans: A. generator
Q. The essential difference between an AC generator and a DC generator is that
A. AC generator has an electromagnet while a DC generator has permanent magnet.
B. DC generator will generate a higher voltage.
C. AC generator will generate a higher voltage.
D. AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator has a commutator.
Ans: D. AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator has a commutator.
Q. At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit
A. reduces substantially
B. does not change
C. increases heavily
D. vary continuously
Ans: C. Increases heavily
Q. State Fleming’s left-hand rule.
Ans: Fleming's left-hand rule is used to find the direction of the force acting on the current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.
It states that if we arrange our thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the right-hand perpendicular to each other, then the thumb points towards the direction of the motion of the conductor relative to the magnetic field, the forefinger points towards the direction of the magnetic field and the middle finger points towards the direction of the induced current.
Q. Out of A.C generator and a D.C generator, which one uses a commutator?
Ans: An D.C generator uses commutator.
Q. Out of A.C generator and a D.C generator, which one uses slip rings?
Ans: An A.C generator uses Slip rings.
Q. What is magnetic field? State any two properties of magnetic field lines?
Ans: The magnetic field is a vector field that describes magnetic influence of the charges and magnetic materials.
Two properties of magnetic field lines are:
1. They never cross each other.
2. They flow from North to south pole outside the magnet.
Q. What type of generator is used at power stations?
Ans: A.C generator is used in power stations.
Q. What is the principle of electric motor? Name two devices in which electric motor is used?
Ans: Electric motor works on the principle of Flemings Left hand rule.
Electric motors are used in water pumps, electric fans, electric mixers etc.
A. The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire
B. The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire
C. The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
D. Both A and B
Ans: C. The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
Q. Every current carrying conductor produces magnetic field, this phenomenon was discovered by:
A. Maxwell B. Oersted C. Faraday D. Coulomb
Ans: Oersted
Q. The direction of magnetic field around a current carrying straight conductor can be determined by:
A. Flemings right hand rule B. Flemings left hand rule
C. Faradays Rule D. Right hand thumb rule
Ans: Flemings right hand rule
Q. The magnitude of magnetic field produced by a current carrying straight conductor is:
A. Directly proportional to the Intensity of current
B. Directly proportional to the distance from conductor
C. Inversely proportional to distance from the conductor
D. Both A and C
Ans: D. Both A and C
Q. If the direction of electric current in a current carrying conductor is upwards, the direction of magnetic field lines will be:
A. Clock wise B. Anticlockwise C. Both A and B D. Can’t be determined
Ans: B. Anticlockwise
6. Assertion (A): Magnetic field lines don't intersect each other
Reason (R): Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines, the tangents to which any point gives the direction of the field at that point.
A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
Both A and Rare true and R is not correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true
Ans: A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
Q. Magnitude of a magnetic field around a current carrying conductor at any point is:
a. Directly proportional to the intensity of electric current
b. Inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor
c. Directly proportional to the distance from the conductor
d. Both A and B
Ans: d. Both A and B
Q. Assertion: When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, It experiences a force
Reason: The force acting on a current carrying conductor is only due to the external magnetic field.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is True, R is False
D. A is False, R is True
Ans: C. A is True, R is False
Hint: The force acting on the conductor is due to the interaction of external magnetic field and the magnetic field produced due to the current flowing in the conductor
Q. Assertion: When a compass needle is moved away from a current carrying straight conductor, the deflection of the needle decreases
Reason: The strength of magnetic field decreases on moving away from the conductor
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is True, R is False
D. A is False, R is True
Ans: A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion: When the direction of current in a current carrying straight conductor is upwards, the direction of magnetic field lines is clockwise
Reason: To find the direction of magnetic field lines, we use maxwells right hand thumb rule
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is True, R is False
D. A is False, R is True
Ans: D. A is False, R is True
Q. To find out the direction of deflection of the compass needle due to magnetic field of a current carrying conductor, we use:
a. Amperes swimming rule b. Flemings right hand rule
c. Maxwells Rule d. Flemings left hand rule
Ans: a. Amperes swimming rule
Q. Which among the following is used to find the direction of magnetic field lines around a current carrying straight conductor ?
a. Amperes swimming rule b. Flemings right hand rule
c. Maxwells right hand thumb rule d. Flemings left hand rule
Ans: c. Maxwells right hand thumb rule
Q. Which property of a proton can change while it moves
freely in a magnetic field?
(A) Mass and speed (B) Speed and velocity (C) Mass and momentum (D) Velocity and
momentum
Ans: (D) Velocity and momentum
Q. A rectangular coil of copper wires is rotated in a
magnetic field. The direction of the induced current changes once in each:
(A) Two revolutions (B) One revolution (C) Half revolution (D) One-fourth revolution
Ans: (C) Half revolution
Thank you sir for these easy notes
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